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Research has expanded our understanding of intelligence beyond the traditional cognitive realm to include multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence, and, more recently, spiritual intelligence.  Spiritual intelligence is key in effectiveness in business leadership both in for-profit and not-for-profit sectors.  This research project investigates spiritual intelligence within a variety of demographics utilizing the Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Survey developed by Dr. Joseph Amram.  Definitions of spiritual intelligence vary according to researchers, yet in connection to his survey, Dr. Amram defines spiritual intelligence as “the ability to apply and embody spiritual resources and qualities to enhance functioning and wellbeing.â€Â  Relationships around various demographics and spiritual intelligence are observed through the survey data.  This paper contains the analysis of the data collected from over 100 participants to validate the hypotheses that there would be differences in aspects of spiritual intelligence across age, gender, education level, and career sector (specifically for profit and nonprofit distinctions). Many of the expected differences were substantiated.

This paper explores the presence of spiritual intelligence in variables such as age, gender, education, and the sectors of for profit and nonprofit. Research of the presence of spiritual intelligence within the sectors of nonprofit and for profit, as well as the demographics of age, gender and education will broaden our basic understanding of spiritual intelligence and its presence and validity within the workplace and daily interactions.

Leadership